Biological fouling refers to the unwanted buildup of microorganisms, algae, diatoms, plants, and animals on surfaces such as ships’ hulls or within piping and reservoirs containing untreated water. This phenomenon poses challenges in various industries due to its potential adverse effects on equipment and structures. In the maritime sector, ships’ hulls are particularly susceptible to biological fouling, impacting vessel performance and fuel efficiency.
The accumulation of microorganisms can lead to the formation of biofilms or slimes, further exacerbating the issue. Additionally, biological fouling is often associated with microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), where microorganisms contribute to the deterioration of materials.
Preventing and managing biological fouling is crucial in maintaining the efficiency and integrity of structures and equipment. Various antifouling techniques, such as coatings and treatments, are employed to mitigate the impact of biological fouling in different industrial settings. Effective control measures help minimize operational disruptions and extend the lifespan of equipment and structures exposed to untreated water.
Zooplankton are a category of heterotrophic plankton, encompassing organisms that drift in oceans, seas, and bodies of fresh water. The term “zooplankton” originates from the Greek words “zoon,” meaning “animal,” and “planktos,” signifying “wanderer” or “drifter.”
These microscopic to small-sized organisms form a vital component of aquatic ecosystems, serving as a crucial link in the food chain. Zooplankton include various animal species, such as tiny crustaceans, larval forms of larger marine animals, and protozoans, among others. They exhibit limited mobility, relying on water currents for their movement.
Zooplankton play a significant role in marine and freshwater ecosystems by consuming phytoplankton (the plant-like, autotrophic plankton) and serving as a primary food source for larger organisms. Their abundance and diversity contribute to the overall health and balance of aquatic environments. Studying zooplankton is essential for understanding ecological dynamics, nutrient cycling, and the intricate relationships within aquatic ecosystems.
